recuperación de gas refrigerante
Cuatro formas de recuperar el refrigerante
La recuperación significa transferir el gas desde el sistema de refrigeración hasta un cilindro. A continuación se citan cuatro formas para llevar a cabo el proceso de manera correcta.
1. En fase gaseosa
Este procedimiento generalmente es el más lento ya que el flujo de gas es menor en fase gaseosa. Se debe tener presente que las mangueras de conexión entre la máquina recuperadora, el sistema de refrigeración y el tanque recuperador, deben ser de la longitud mínima posible, así como del diámetro interior máximo posible, con la finalidad de contribuir a aumentar el rendimiento del proceso.
El refrigerante, en fase de vapor, es normalmente aspirado por la succión de la máquina recuperadora y, una vez condensado, es enviado al tanque recuperador.
Hay dos formas de conectar la máquina para recuperar vapor, según sea el caso:
- En el juego de manómetros de los dos lados del compresor (sistemas comerciales medianos)
- Sólo del lado de baja, donde hay que instalar una válvula pinchadora para extraer el refrigerante, y la cantidad a recuperar es pequeña (refrigeradores domésticos, aires acondicionados de baja capacidad)
2. En fase líquida
Debido a que los compresores reciprocantes sólo pueden trabajar con gas refrigerante en fase gaseosa, es necesario evaporarlo todo y extraerlo del sistema antes de que llegue al compresor. Para evaporar el refrigerante que se encuentre en fase líquida en el sistema, es necesario agregarle calor (mediante prácticas seguras).
En caso de que la máquina de recuperación no tenga un sistema de evaporación, se debe proteger contra la llegada de refrigerante líquido utilizando el juego de manómetros para ir dosificando, mediante las válvulas de operación, su ingreso desde el sistema a la máquina (utilizándolas como si fueran un dispositivo de expansión) durante las etapas iniciales de la recuperación.
El refrigerante líquido puede ser recuperado por técnicas de decantación, separación o push/pull, con el consiguiente arrastre de aceite.
3. Push/Pull (succión y retroalimentación)
Se lleva a cabo usando vapor del cilindro para empujar el refrigerante líquido fuera del sistema. Se conecta una manguera desde el puerto de líquido de la unidad, cuyo refrigerante se requiere extraer, a la válvula de líquido en el tanque recuperador. Se conecta otra manguera desde la válvula de vapor del tanque recuperador a la entrada de la succión de la recuperadora y, finalmente, se conecta una tercera manguera desde la salida o la descarga de la máquina recuperadora al puerto de vapor del equipo.
El tanque recuperador succionará el refrigerante líquido (movimiento pull) de la unidad de climatización desactivada, cuando la máquina recuperadora haga disminuir la presión del cilindro. El vapor succionado del tanque recuperador por la máquina recuperadora será empujado de vuelta (movimiento push), comprimido hacia el lado que corresponde al vapor en la unidad HVACR desactivada.
Una vez que la mayoría del refrigerante haya sido cargado del sistema al tanque recuperador, la recuperadora comenzará a ciclar, controlada por su presostato de baja presión de succión, removiendo el resto del refrigerante en forma de vapor. Cuando la máquina de recuperación ya no continúe ciclando y se detenga por completo, eso indica que se ha recuperado todo el refrigerante posible del sistema.
No se debe utilizar el método push/pull si
• El sistema tiene una carga menor de 9 kilos ó 20 libras, de refrigerante.
• El equipo es una bomba de calor u otro sistema en donde el refrigerante líquido pudiera quedar aislado
• El equipo tiene un acumulador entre los puertos de servicio, utilizados para recuperar líquido
• Ha ocurrido una migración de refrigerante líquido, y se desconoce su ubicación
• El diseño de la tubería en el equipo no permite crear una columna sólida de líquido
Si se utiliza el método push/pull
• Se necesita una mirilla, para saber que se terminó de recuperar todo el líquido
• Tener una tercera manguera lista
• Después de haber retirado todo el líquido, se deben reconfigurar las mangueras para recuperar vapor, ya que este método no hace un vacío en el sistema
• El sistema tiene una carga menor de 9 kilos ó 20 libras, de refrigerante.
• El equipo es una bomba de calor u otro sistema en donde el refrigerante líquido pudiera quedar aislado
• El equipo tiene un acumulador entre los puertos de servicio, utilizados para recuperar líquido
• Ha ocurrido una migración de refrigerante líquido, y se desconoce su ubicación
• El diseño de la tubería en el equipo no permite crear una columna sólida de líquido
• Se necesita una mirilla, para saber que se terminó de recuperar todo el líquido
• Tener una tercera manguera lista
• Después de haber retirado todo el líquido, se deben reconfigurar las mangueras para recuperar vapor, ya que este método no hace un vacío en el sistema
4. Líquido y vapor
Es importante saber el tipo y la cantidad de refrigerante que se va a recuperar. Siempre que sea posible, previamente hay que retirar las válvulas pivote o válvulas Schrader de los puertos de servicio, utilizar mangueras con válvulas de bola integradas y tratar de retirar primero el líquido del sistema y después el vapor restante, esta acción acelera la velocidad de recuperación del gas.
Con grandes cantidades de refrigerante, es mejor utilizar el método push/pull, pues es tres veces más rápido que hacerlo directamente. Cuando sea posible, es recomendable recuperar gas del lado de alta y del lado de baja presión del sistema y utilizar mangueras cortas para el servicio (las mangueras largas aumentan el tiempo del proceso).
Si al comenzar a retirar líquido del sistema, el compresor suena, hay que saber que eso lo daña porque reduce su vida útil notablemente. ReSiempre debe hacerse la recuperación del lado de vapor en el tanque recuperador, esto reduce la posibilidad de la presencia de refrigerante líquido remanente en las líneas. Así se garantiza un proceso más limpio. Durante la recuperación de gas, al momento de retirar las mangueras, pudiera salir una línea de refrigerante líquido al terminar.
Nota: Utilizar un filtro deshidratador en todos los procesos es una protección para la máquina recuperadora. Esta recomendación adquiere relevancia cuando se recupere refrigerante de un sistema en el que se quemó un compresor.
traducción a english
gas refrigerant recovery
Four ways to recover refrigerant
Recovery means transferring the gas from the cooling system to a cylinder. Below are listed four ways to carry out the process correctly.
1. In gas phase
This procedure is generally slower since the gas flow is lower in gas phase. It should be noted that the connecting hoses between the reclaimer machine, the cooling system and the recovery tank should be of minimal length and the maximum inner diameter as possible, in order to help improve process performance .
The refrigerant vapor is normally aspirated by the suction of the reclaimer machine and, once condensed, is sent to the recovery tank.
There are two ways to connect the machine to recover steam, as applicable:
In the game of gauges on both sides of the compressor (medium commercial systems)
Only low side, where you have to install a valve lancing to remove the refrigerant and the amount to be recovered is small (domestic refrigerators, air conditioners low capacity)
2. In liquid phase
Because reciprocating compressors can only work with refrigerant gas in the gas phase, it is necessary to evaporate it all and out of the system before it reaches the compressor. To evaporate the refrigerant is in liquid phase in the system, it is necessary to add heat (through safe practices).
Should the recovery machine does not have an evaporation system, protect against the arrival of coolant using the gauge set to go dosed by valves operation, income from the system to the machine (using them as if they were an expansion device) during the initial stages of recovery.
The liquid refrigerant can be recovered by decantation techniques, separation or push / pull, with consequent entrainment of oil.
3. Push / Pull (suction and feedback)
It is carried out using steam cylinder to push out liquid refrigerant system. a hose is connected from the liquid port of the unit, the refrigerant is required to extract, to the liquid valve on the recovery tank. another hose connects the steam valve from the boiler to the suction inlet of the recuperative tank and finally a third hose is connected from the outlet or discharge port recuperative steam machine equipment.
The recovery tank suck the liquid refrigerant (movement pull) air conditioning unit off when the reclaimer machine do reduce cylinder pressure. The sucked vapor recuperator reclaimer machine tank will be pushed back (push movement), compressed to the side corresponding to the HVACR steam deactivated unit.
Once most of the cooling system has been loaded to the regenerative tank reclaimer begin to cycle, controlled by the low pressure suction, removing the remaining refrigerant in vapor form. When the recovery machine no longer continue cycling and stops completely, that indicates that it has recovered all possible coolant system.
Do not use the method push / pull if
• The system has a lower burden of 9 kilos or 20 pounds of refrigerant.
• The equipment is a heat pump or other system where the liquid refrigerant could be isolated
• The computer has an accumulator between the service ports, used to recover liquid
• migration of coolant has occurred, and its location is unknown
• The pipeline design on the computer does not create a solid column of liquid
If the push / pull method is used
• a peephole You need to know that finished recovering all the liquid
• Having a third hose list
• After removing all the liquid, must be reconfigured to retrieve steam hoses, as this method does not make a vacuum in the system
4. liquid and vapor
It is important to know the type and amount of refrigerant to be recovered. Whenever possible, one must first remove the pivot or Schrader valves service port valves, use hoses with valves integrated ball and try to remove the liquid from the system first and then the remaining vapor, this action accelerates the rate of recovery gas.
With large amounts of refrigerant, it is better to use the push / pull method, it is three times faster than directly. When possible, it is advisable to recover gas high side and low side system pressure and use short hoses to the service (long hoses increase the processing time).
If the start withdrawing fluid from the system, the compressor sounds, you have to know that it hurts because it reduces its life considerably. ReSiempre recovery steam side should be in the recuperator tank, this reduces the possibility of the presence of liquid refrigerant remaining in the lines. And a cleaner process is guaranteed. During gas recovery, when picking hoses, could leave a line of liquid refrigerant to finish.
Note: Use a filter drier in all processes is a protection for reclaimer machine. This recommendation becomes relevant when a refrigerant system in which a compressor is burned to recover.
gas refrigerant recovery
Four ways to recover refrigerant
Recovery means transferring the gas from the cooling system to a cylinder. Below are listed four ways to carry out the process correctly.
1. In gas phase
This procedure is generally slower since the gas flow is lower in gas phase. It should be noted that the connecting hoses between the reclaimer machine, the cooling system and the recovery tank should be of minimal length and the maximum inner diameter as possible, in order to help improve process performance .
The refrigerant vapor is normally aspirated by the suction of the reclaimer machine and, once condensed, is sent to the recovery tank.
There are two ways to connect the machine to recover steam, as applicable:
In the game of gauges on both sides of the compressor (medium commercial systems)
Only low side, where you have to install a valve lancing to remove the refrigerant and the amount to be recovered is small (domestic refrigerators, air conditioners low capacity)
2. In liquid phase
Because reciprocating compressors can only work with refrigerant gas in the gas phase, it is necessary to evaporate it all and out of the system before it reaches the compressor. To evaporate the refrigerant is in liquid phase in the system, it is necessary to add heat (through safe practices).
Should the recovery machine does not have an evaporation system, protect against the arrival of coolant using the gauge set to go dosed by valves operation, income from the system to the machine (using them as if they were an expansion device) during the initial stages of recovery.
The liquid refrigerant can be recovered by decantation techniques, separation or push / pull, with consequent entrainment of oil.
3. Push / Pull (suction and feedback)
It is carried out using steam cylinder to push out liquid refrigerant system. a hose is connected from the liquid port of the unit, the refrigerant is required to extract, to the liquid valve on the recovery tank. another hose connects the steam valve from the boiler to the suction inlet of the recuperative tank and finally a third hose is connected from the outlet or discharge port recuperative steam machine equipment.
The recovery tank suck the liquid refrigerant (movement pull) air conditioning unit off when the reclaimer machine do reduce cylinder pressure. The sucked vapor recuperator reclaimer machine tank will be pushed back (push movement), compressed to the side corresponding to the HVACR steam deactivated unit.
Once most of the cooling system has been loaded to the regenerative tank reclaimer begin to cycle, controlled by the low pressure suction, removing the remaining refrigerant in vapor form. When the recovery machine no longer continue cycling and stops completely, that indicates that it has recovered all possible coolant system.
Do not use the method push / pull if
• The system has a lower burden of 9 kilos or 20 pounds of refrigerant.
• The equipment is a heat pump or other system where the liquid refrigerant could be isolated
• The computer has an accumulator between the service ports, used to recover liquid
• migration of coolant has occurred, and its location is unknown
• The pipeline design on the computer does not create a solid column of liquid
If the push / pull method is used
• a peephole You need to know that finished recovering all the liquid
• Having a third hose list
• After removing all the liquid, must be reconfigured to retrieve steam hoses, as this method does not make a vacuum in the system
4. liquid and vapor
It is important to know the type and amount of refrigerant to be recovered. Whenever possible, one must first remove the pivot or Schrader valves service port valves, use hoses with valves integrated ball and try to remove the liquid from the system first and then the remaining vapor, this action accelerates the rate of recovery gas.
With large amounts of refrigerant, it is better to use the push / pull method, it is three times faster than directly. When possible, it is advisable to recover gas high side and low side system pressure and use short hoses to the service (long hoses increase the processing time).
If the start withdrawing fluid from the system, the compressor sounds, you have to know that it hurts because it reduces its life considerably. ReSiempre recovery steam side should be in the recuperator tank, this reduces the possibility of the presence of liquid refrigerant remaining in the lines. And a cleaner process is guaranteed. During gas recovery, when picking hoses, could leave a line of liquid refrigerant to finish.
Note: Use a filter drier in all processes is a protection for reclaimer machine. This recommendation becomes relevant when a refrigerant system in which a compressor is burned to recover.
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